How Nelson Mandela used Rugby to unify South Africa Essay -- Politics,

After spending twenty-seven years in prison, Nelson Mandela was released from prison on February 11, 1990. In 1991, Nelson Mandela was chosen to become president of the African National Congress. In 1993, Mandela and South African President F.W. de Klerk announced an agreement that the African National Congress and the National Party form a transitional government, effectively ending apartheid and opening the political process to all South Africans (Williamson). Mandela was elected President of South Africa in 1994, and de Klerk became his first deputy. However, even with apartheid abolished, South Africa was still a divided country. Mandela’s legal adviser, Nicholas Haysom, said, â€Å"South Africa in 1994 was a country that was split, historically, culturally, racially, and so many other ways.† Within South Africa, there was a vast division between blacks and whites, and Mandela’s job was to bring them together. One way that Nelson Mandela brought South Africa together was through rugby. While this would seem to be an unlikely way to ease the racial tension, rugby was a crucial piece in the unification of South Africa. While Mandela was serving his time in prison, the international community began to put more pressure on South Africa to release him and end apartheid. To make sure their pressure was felt, opposing nations, especially New Zealand, began violently protesting when the Springboks visited to play (30for30). The Springboks, South Africa’s national rugby team, were banned from rugby in 1981. The ban was intended to affect the white South Africans and give the black South Africans leverage to use in negotiations to end apartheid. In 1992, after Mandela was freed, the African National Congress revoked the ban on rugby... ...any, 1994. Print. Mandela, Nelson. Mandela An Illustrated Autobiography. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1994. Print. Sampson, Anthony. Mandela The Authorized Biography. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knoff, 1999. Print. "Nelson Mandela: inauguration speech (1994)." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 30 Aug. 2011. "Nelson Mandela: speech on his release from prison (1990)." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 30 Aug. 2011. Taylor, Paul. "Father of His Country." Washington Post (Washington, DC). Feb. 13 1994: Mag. Sec. 10+. SIRS Researcher. Web. 30 Aug 2011. Williams, Michael W. "Nelson Mandela." Great Lives from History: The Twentieth Century. Ed. Robert F. Gorman. 10 vols. Pasadena, California: Salem Press, 2008. Salem History Web. 30 Aug. 2011. Carlin, John. Playing the Enemy. New York: The Penguin Press, 2008. Print.

Mass in Minor B

Johann Sebastian Bach, popularly known as Bach, was a German composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist, and violinist, and was regarded as the supreme composer of the Baroque and one of the best of all time. His contributions are secular works for the choir, orchestra and solo instruments. Though he didn’t introduced new forms and he enriched the German style of music through a contrapuntal technique and adaptations of rhythm, forms and textures from other countries such as Italy and France. His musical style arose from the influences of the South German, North German, Italian and French music.During his time, Bach was popularly known on being on one extreme end of the spectrum, notating almost majority of the details of his melodic lines, particularly in his fast movements. He preferred dense contrapuntal textures which allowed lesser margin for the variation of his musical lines. Bach's contrapuntal textures have the tendency to be more cumulative than those of other compo sers before and nowadays. Noticeably, his harmony tends to use a brief ‘tonicisation' or a subtle reference to another key that lasts only a few beats at the longest. He also favored the supertonic to add color to his musical texture.Mass in Minor B Mass in B Minor is a complete musical setting in Latin Mass by Johann Sebastian Bach. This was one of Bach's last works before his death in 1750. This musical setting is a composition of the music that Bach had made before. He divided the work in a score of four parts of the Latin Mass that was given each title page of their own. These are the Kyrie, Gloria, Symbolum Nicaenum or Credo and the group of Sanctus, Hossana, Benedictus and Agnus Dei. In total, the work consists of 27 sections. Kyrie The Kyrie which means â€Å"O Lord† has three parts as used in Mass in Minor B.The first was the Kyrie eleison (Lord, have mercy). It is a five-part chorus in B minor consisting of Soprano I, II, Alto, Tenor and Bass. Second was the Ch ristle eleison, a duet in D major with obbligato violins. The duet was in Soprano I and II. Last was another Kyrie eleison but this time with four-part chorus only in F# minor, consisting of a Soprano, Alto, Tenor and Bass. Gloria The structure of Gloria or Gloria in exelcis Deo (Glory to God in the highest) composed of nine movements with the largely symmetrical structure and Domine Deus in the center.First movement was Gloria in excelsis, a five-part chorus of Soprano I, II, Alto, Tenor and Bass in D major in 3/8 time. The music appears also as the opening chorus of Bach's Cantata Gloria in excelsis Deo, Second was Et in terra pax, a five-part chorus of Soprano I, II, Alto, Tenor and Bass in D major. Third was Laudamus te, an aria of Soprano II in A major with obbligato violin. Fourth was Gratias agimus tibi, a four-part chorus of Soprano, Alto, Tenor and Bass in D major. Fifth was Domine Deus, a duet of Soprano I and Tenor in G major, marked Andante common time.The sixth movement was Qui tollis peccata mundi, a four-part chorus of Soprano II, Alto, Tenor and Bass in B minor in 3/4 time. Seventh was Qui sedes ad dexteram Patri, an Aria for Alto in B minor with obbligato in 6/8 time. The eight movement wasQuoniam tu solus sanctus, an Aria of Bass in D major with obbligato in 3/4 time. And last but not the least was the Cum Sancto Spiritu, a five-part chorus of Soprano I, II, Alto, Tenor and Bass in D major in 3/4 time. Credo Also known as Symbolum Nicaenum, Credo also had nine movements with symmetrical structure, and the crucifixion at the center.The first movement was Credo in unum Deum, a five-part chorus of Soprano I, II, Alto, Tenor and Bass in A mixolydian. Second was Patrem omnipotentem, a four-part chorus of Soprano, Alto, Tenor and Bass in D major. Third movement was Et in unum Dominum, a duet of Soprano I and Alto in G major. Fourth was Et incarnatus est, a five-part chorus of Soprano I, II, Alto, Tenor and Bass in B minor. Fifth was the Crucifixus, a four-part chorus of Soprano II, Alto, Tenor and Bass in E minor, in 3/2 time. The sixth part was Et resurrexit, a five-part chorus of Soprano I, II, Alto, Tenor and Bass in D major in 3/4 time.Seventh was Et in Spiritum Sanctum, an Aria for Bass in A major in 6/8 time. The eight movement was Confiteor, a five-part chorus of Soprano I, II, Alto, Tenor and Bass in F# minor. Last but not the least was Et expect, a five-part chorus of Soprano I, II, Alto, Tenor and Bass in D major. Sanctus, Hossana, Benedictus and Agnus Dei The fourth part was a combination of Sanctus, Hossana, Benedictus and Agnus Dei. Agnus Dei is a Latin term which means Lamb of God. In the musical setting, this part composes of six movements. First was Sanctus, a six-part chorus of Soprano I, II, Alto I, II, Tenor and Bass in D major, in 3/8 time.Second was Hosanna, a double chorus with four parts both, in D major in 3/8 time. Third movement was Benedictus, an Aria for Tenor with flute obbligato in B minor in 3/4 time. Fourth was another Hosannna . Fifth was Agnus Dei, an Aria for Alto in G minor with violin obbligato. And last was Dona nobis pacem, a four-part chorus in D major. The Mass in Minor B was frequently performed was not played during Bach’s lifetime. Though there are some scholarly debates and arguments with the motivation of Bach to pursue its kind structure during that time, most composers believe that the Mass in Minor b was one of Bach’s best compositions of all time.

Internet Related Abuses And Cyberbullying - 1998 Words

NetSmartz Educational Program I. Introduction Internet-related abuses and cyberbullying has long been a concern of schools and universities, the government and the whole community. Efforts have been put forward to combat cyberbullying that include prevention and intervention programs at the community, school, and family levels. The development and implementation of clinical services are primarily designed to remediate and prevent the many deleterious effects of child abuse, either online or offline. In an effort to help educate children and protect themselves from online abuse and cyberbullying, the NetSmartz Educational Program was established by the National Center for Missing Exploited Children (NCMEC). In addition, the program also†¦show more content†¦Accordingly, NetSmartz’s activity cards are assured to be in line with the language arts, health, and technology standards of the National Council of Teachers of English, the International Society for Technology in Education and the American Cancer Society. These standards have been provided to assist individuals when integrating NetSmartz resources into their individual educational framework. b. Teaching Materials NetSmartz Educational Program employs various teaching materials to make the learning experience of individuals as effective and as fun as possible. First, it uses videos and activity cards, which are documentary shorts and animations that are commonly accompanied by classroom lessons. Second, NetSmartz also uses internet safety presentations, which are interactive Powerpoint presentations devoted to different viewers, such as children, teens, tweens, and adults. Handouts are also employed as tip sheets and discussion guides. Safety pledges are also implemented by NetSmartz, which are age-appropriate rules that are used as a contract or pledge. NetSmartz has also teachable recipes that combine internet safety lessons with culinary fun. c. Statistics With the advent of technology and the rise of the internet, internet crimes and abuses had been continuously increasing. For an instance in 2004, there were about 3,433 child abuse domains online in the United States.

Unit 3 Enabling and De3Livering Learning Dtlls - 1997 Words

Introduction Assessments within learning have one ultimate goal being to evaluate the learners progress by offering in stages validity, authenticity, reliability and fairness within the assessment process. Progress however can mean many different things; in the case of some of my learners attending two sessions in a row is considered progress. This is why assessments should be an ongoing process throughout the learning experience. Assessments are not only there to assess a learner to sit an exam to test a learner’s knowledge of the subject matter but to: Motivate: Learner’s are able to feel motivated to learn following praise and this assists the learner to build self esteem. Within my own organisation we review learner’s progress†¦show more content†¦Within my own organisation where direct claims status is given, reliability in tutors and the IV is essential to maintain this status of validity. This is enforced via EV visits where feedback is sought and given. Assessment activities Assessment 1 – Alcohol match up activity and feedback Formative and Informal Learners to match up the drinks with the correct ABV and units, learners are to use a calculator and the formula previously to assist with the game. Learners to complete all eleven drinks by matching the correct ABV and Units. Tutor to assess the learner’s knowledge of ABV and Units of certain mainstream alcoholic drinks. Tutor to explain the rules and purpose of the game/assessment and the resources given to them. Tutor to provide the correct answers to the learners by using the PPP slides. Tutor to ask learners for their answers and reward a point for each correct answer. Assessment 2 – Session recap and assessment Formative and Informal Tutor to ask learners to recap on their learning throughout the session by using the slide pictures for prompts. Learners to show understanding of the topic of alcohol be explaining and identifying the pictures in the assessment slide. Assessment 3 – Information Poster Summative and Criterion Tutor to explain to learners that the information they have been given regarding healthy lifestyles is to be reproduced on

Beer and Wine A Development of Community in Our World Essay

Beer and wine might have been one of the first drinks that caused humans to civilize and create a great community. In fact Tom Standage introduces us to this idea of these early drinks shaping human culture in his book A History of a World in Six Glasses. As Standage informs us about how beer was one of the causes in early settlement, and why farming was led to a great success because of the use of beer. Standage also mentions a start in traditions and a formation of government due to these drinks. Although beer being very important, Standage also introduces us to wine as a form of a class status that helped man distinguishing barbarism to a world of high standards and manners allowing for the community to become more cultured and†¦show more content†¦Eventually beer also had other qualities that allowed farming to progress and that is that beer was not harmful to humans as water was (21). Because of this people found out different ways in which they could produce this drink by having different forms of agriculture advancing its form from regular seeds being planted to massive productions, just as did the Greeks and Romans did by using their slave population to farm all of their grapes for the wine in order to drive a successful wine market (71). Farming allowed for populations to grow from small villages to cities to then allow the adoption of beer and wine to become an essential product that drove agriculture to the civilization and growth of people. Along the same lines we can also see how this development of beer due to farming allowed people to become more than just any regular barbaric man, and show that they were people with class. From fancy beer to the lowest quality that you could receive, beer was presented in celebrations or events because this drink â€Å"brought people together since the dawn of civilization† and this bringing together allowed the exchange of cultures and traditions to be passed down from generation to generation just like wine (39). These interactions shaped the mind of man, and helped them haveShow MoreRelatedAp World History : Michael Foley1337 Words   |  6 PagesAP World History Michael Foley 1A: We can examine painting that ancient artists drew, the homes they built, the tools they had, listen to oral history, and much more. 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In order to get a proper perspective on beer you have to look at three main periods; ancient history (the development period), modernization of beer and its effects, and whatRead MoreStarbucks s Mission And Vision1540 W ords   |  7 PagesThe Starbucks Corporation is a roaster, marketer, and retailer of specialty coffee throughout the world, currently operating in more than 50 countries today (â€Å"Our Starbucks Mission†). Starbucks represents one of the most recognizable logos and companies across the globe today, continually expanding and diversifying their unique operations. The first Starbucks opened in Seattle, Washington in 1971 and since 1987 Starbucks has opened an average of two stores daily (Bonander). Starbucks’ success canRead MoreExternal Environment Analysis6715 Words   |  27 PagesLimited, which is one of the Australian largest alcohol companies. It was written by four Swinburne students, who are Master of Marketing, Diego, Desmond, Gemala, and Jie. 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To beer drinkers in the Neolithic period, beer’s ability to intoxicate and induce a stateRead MoreAdnams Case Related to a Wake Up for Westminster Strategic Management3419 Words   |  14 PagesAddress the following questions: 1. Identify and assess the key factors in the macro environment that have, or might, affect the UK beer industry. (30 Marks) 2. Present a Five Forces analysis of the competitive environment of the UK beer industry and discuss the changing nature and effect of these forces. (30 Marks) Read More Miller Beer Ads Essay1787 Words   |  8 PagesMiller Beer Ads In television commercials and magazine ads, Miller uses sex, and woman as a way to grab your attention and to sell the product. We all have heard the saying â€Å"sex sells† but how far can alcohol companies take it. In their latest commercials, Miller uses two very attractive female twins that argue about to positive aspects for why they drink Miller. One argues she drinks it for the great taste and the other because it’s less filling. This leads to a fight between these twoRead MoreTrade Relations the EU and the USA603 Words   |  2 PagesTrade relations between the EU and the USA 2.1. Historical development On August 11, 1952, the United States became the first non-member country to provide international recognition to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the precursor to today’s European Union. Diplomatic relations between the U.S. and the European Community were initiated in 1953 when the first U.S. observers were sent to the European Coal and Steel Community. In 1990, the Transatlantic Declaration formalized relations

Competitive Strategy Organization Development and Change

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy for Organization Development and Change. Answer: Strategy The strategy can be explained as the goal of any organization to plan and utilized for long term success. In other words, the terms strategy come from the battle of SUNTZU art. In regards to this war, winning means the strategy is good and losing means the strategy is bad. It is chosen by the company to get success in future whatever their goal may be. Moreover; it can be used to solve the issues related to the organization which targeting for the success of the company. Basically, the word Strategy rise from a Greek word which means to control powered off an army or monitoring power of the group of people. In other words, it has the meaning of all planning and plotting of the entire member involving in the battle to go on a right path of an organization. The strategy is always dealing with the plans for fulfillment of the customer which are necessary for them. A large number of companies is there which make strategy by reducing the cost of a product to solve all the problems of the customer and fulfill their goals. It does not totally depend on business processing achievement but also the numbers of particular organization improvement. By creating many new and innovation ideas for the same product the head of the company can make difference. It is one of the business mind concepts to get more and more profit for the future of the organization. The satisfaction level o should be high from their client matters a lot in the efficient and effective way to run an organization smoothly. For this company must have some good and innovative strategy for the achievement of the organization. Almost one year is enough for the company to complete their target. The image should be built strong for the organization to maintain their quality in the market sector. The strategy also has a concept of the realization of all marketing aspects throughout the profit making of the marketing chain. The strategy helps the company to get into the competing with the firms by creating substitute product for the same. For making strategy managerial skill is very important as its detail about the key factor. The strategy also considered as the same of the companies work throughout their market peripherals. Through supply changes and production, it helps in sort out the scarcity of the resources. Here resources represent assets, technical competency, skillfulness of manpower and a sense of affinity towards the action strategized. The strategy can be classified in many formats but very few are crucial to knowing the organization. They are the corporate strategy, business strategy, and operational strategy. Corporate strategy used to be exclusively enriched as shareholders invest a lot. They also give priority to the customer who has potentially credible. Now business strategy is depending on the competitive of the market which deals with the product designing a selection of products, benefits of consumer, win over the competitive marketing companies, etc. operational strategy is about the resources of the company people involves in the company, their work profile, different process used by the company to make strategy effective for the organization. Business model Innovation Business model innovation is considered to be the most innovative ideas of the organization to complete the target of the company in all financial business criteria. The main objective of this model is to innovate the model by introducing new upcoming sources and gets revenue. This can be done by improvising the quality service and goods in front of their customers. To consistently hold their position the market for the long period this model gets very effective (Massa Tucci, 2013). In the manufacturing of the product for any organization, this model gets appreciation. By this innovating model company or organization had to decrease the cost of production to make a large number of customers in their hands. As for the instance, The Apple Inc. company by improvising these ideas makes the innovative features in their products. For this concept, they make the large number of customers (Gobble, 2014). This model helps to increase the number of stocks in their stock market. Applying this innovation idea the company named, Apple Inc. able to make a large number of their customer without decreasing their costs of products and make the profit. Like, the Dell Company making the profit by this model without decreasing their sales price. By utilizing these ideas they decrease the processing charge or operating charge within the business processing (Tucci Massa, 2013). With these fundamentals, they grab a large number of profit in an annual basis. The idea should be super in quality and uncommon which attract the customer while being the cost of the product high. However, the ideas of the best quality work and knowledge of the modern technology help the organization to run the very far way of success. The innovative ideas always make a company and organization far away from the marketing trim. The use and implementation of the business model are about the incorporation of the business strategies as to enhance the overall performance of the organization. It makes the company more achieving the high quality to get financially beneficial, ideally conceptual and including mission statements vice versa. By making product designing, brand community, etc make the ideal concept for the fringe of the organization. The organization needed new ideas to attract the customers with a profitable way of business. The innovation of the model makes the company's strategy to make them different from the other companies. The agenda of the companys growth, this innovation of the model helpful and make the organization unique. A branded company is the good instance for the innovative models as; it assembles the different customers or users on the subjects of discussions, feedbacks, etc .by analyzing the traditional view to contemporary view of the business. Business innovation actually makes th e company enhancing the companys potentials. References Cummings, T.G., and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Davenport, T.H., 2013.Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Simons, R., 2013.Levers of control: how managers use innovative control systems to drive strategic renewal. Harvard Business Press. Ward, J. and Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons. Massa, L. and Tucci, C.L., 2013. Business model innovation.The Oxford Handbook of Innovation Management, pp.420-441. Gobble, M.M., 2014. Business model innovation.Research-Technology Management,57(6), pp.58-61. Tucci, C. and Massa, L., 2013.Business model innovation(No. EPFL-CHAPTER-187818). Oxford University Press. Amit, R. and Zott, C., 2012. Creating value through business model innovation.MIT Sloan Management Review,53(3), p.41.

Literacy Rates Essays - Gender Studies, Marriage, Womens Rights

Literacy Rates There are several ways one can look at the status of women in any society. During the last decade at least three approaches, not necessarily mutually exclusive, were discernible. One was to examine the common demographic indicators that give an overall picture of women's relative standing vis-?-vis men. According to the 1981 census, the se ratio stood at 933 females per 1000 males. The literacy rate was 46.89 per cent for males and 24.82 per cent for females. The life expectancy at birth for females was 50 years and for males it was 50.9 years. The average age at marriage for females was 18.32 years and for males it was 23.27 years. The female work participation rate was 13.99 percent and the male work participation rate was 51.62 percent. Figures regarding economic participation rate for women have very little meaning as the definition of a worker has changed from one census to other. (Rehana Ghadially 1988 p.5) As a study by Australian demographer John C. Caldwell powerfully demonstrates, for both men and women in Ibo traditional society many children have been the surest and stronger source of prestige. In the Ibo society, remaining unmarried is an extreme social divergence. It was considered central to man's nature to beget, and women's to conceive and bear, children. For women, marriage traditionally brought a variety of economic responsibilities and often only one source of both honor and security: their children. According to the Ibo tradition the man had to pay the family of the bride a bride price to secure her marriage. The payment was given in exchange for the economic value of woman to her husband in her labor and her children. Hence, for the husband and wife marriage was as much as anything else an economic compact. (James L. Newman, 1995, p.122) Customs governing division of labor, rights to land and to children varied widely. However, while a woman was married her husband generally held her labor and its fruits firmly within its grasp. In addition, the brides usually went to live with her husband's kin, and she was dependent on this group in which she was a virtual outsider. (Jennifer Seymour Whitaker, 1990, p. 99) Once involved with her new household, an Ibo woman often lived a life quite separate economically from that of her husband, in which the basic unit was herself and her children. She was usually expected to cook her husband's food, to bear children regularly, and to feed and clothe the children as well. Her husband traditionally provided her with a hut and some land to farm. She supported her family by working the land allotted to her and by trading. Women usually did most of the cultivation. Therefore, it was accepted that women got plentiful land, and had rights to portions of family land for their own use, Often their surplus was theirs to keep; at other times they sold it to their husbands; sometimes their husbands kept it themselves. In any event, even though the women also did most of the cultivation on their husband's land, they did not share in their husband's income. Nor, when their husbands died, did the women inherit their property, which went to their sons or sometimes, to the sons of the husband's sisters. (P.98) Moreover, a woman herself is often inherited by her husband's brother, who marries her to give her home and keep her procreative powers in the family. However, ultimately, even more than men, women had to depend on their children for their economic well being, and, in their old age, for their survival. Between husband and wife, mutual respect was the most important personal bond. Intimate companionship or love in the sense we describe it was rare. Ibo women were expected to share their husbands with other wives. And in their competition for their husband's regard, honor grew most of all with the numbers of children one gave her husband and his family. (p. 97-102) As I mention before, being a mother was the most important role for an Ibo woman. It brings her prestige, pride, respect, and happiness. Therefore, traditionally, a failure to give birth would bring despair to the infertile woman. Her husband's reaction would be cruel. In Buchi